[世界公民運動]李東昇的新家

 
[李東昇的意見]免費強化拼音能力!
先看 [中華民國]該怎麼拼音!

[李東昇的意見]台灣惡質的政治流氓陳水扁顯然是第一名!陳水扁正是李登輝的接班人!同樣的跋扈,同樣的耍流氓!而且 李登輝是國民黨,陳水扁是民進黨!這是歷史的宿命!而不論2008是馬英九還是謝長廷勝出陳水扁都後繼有人

[李東昇的意見]坦白說,我認為完全無意義!語言跟文字的發展,可以這麼做嗎?看看簡體字搞了 50 年,你認為這樣是成功了嗎?(結果還是 簡繁並存)看看韓文(雖然發明了四百年,但是)實際推行僅約50年,你認為這是成功了嗎?在人類歷史的長河之前,還是謙卑一點吧!看看但丁談到 伊特拉斯坎文字,想想埃及,馬雅,甚至數不盡的文字今天呢? 百年之後,簡體字安在? 韓文呢? 滿文呢? 蒙文呢? 妄想 統一漢字?! 唉!同屬於漢字文化圈的韓國、中、日、台學者近日在北京開會，決定製作統一字形的五千至六千個常用漢字標準字。雖然漢字標準化以繁體中文為主，但中國一改以往的消極態度，積極爭取漢字標準化主導權，喊出「繁簡共存」口號。

[李東昇的疑問]國語的標準是什麼? 誰決定? 如何決定?我完全無法認同!!!我是師大人主張這些的學者,大部分是我的老師!但是,我還是堅決反對[國語標準讀音]的限制語言是活的!沒有什麼對與錯考試要考這些讀音嗎?

[李東昇的說明]背景知識  •語態簡介 (語態 Linguistic typology)
•人類語言分歧 源於基因不同
•強烈反對閩南語採KTV慣用字! 

[李東昇的說明]全世界有多少種語言?依照SIL 的分類方法現有6912種語言。
         
至於語言的分類，一般採用兩種方法。

[李東昇的意見]非常贊成!我早上要去開會,回來後,再跟大家詳談!我先指出兩點:1.根據我們現在對黑猩猩的 語言教學研究,可以確定 語言是與生俱來的!2.語順/語態的發展,更確定在嬰兒時期已經展現!!!所以,這告訴我們:最適合中國人的應該是中文(而非英文)最適合日本人的,應該是日文,也非英文一言以畢之: 語言,不是任意的! 就像貓無法學狗一樣的叫

[李東昇的意見]感謝曾為台灣、特別是原住民，犧牲奉獻的瑞士教會人士我更為[國語沙文主義者]感到羞恥!聽聽看賈斯德神父怎麼說的吧!至於 祖靈之邦 提出的 [國語是什麼語?]我完整的回覆,在文章最後!

 [李東昇的意見]看看澳洲的【國家語言政策】(National Policy on Language，NPoL)

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引用來源: http://mail.tku.edu.tw/cfshih/ln/paper14.htm   澳洲的語言政策──從同化到多元文化 范盛保◎澳大利亞昆士蘭大學政治學暨國際關係學院博士、崑山科技大學公共傳播系助理教授

 [李東昇的意見]接下來看 WIKI

沒錯! 英國 確實未訂定 [官方語言]

但是 英語 是實際上的官方語言

至於 美國 的 國家語言 的現況,參看文章最後一段

[2006/05/19]美國訂定 [英文]為 [國家語言]!

雖然,並未採行更具體的策略,但是 法理上,已經訂定!

而且全世界 絕大部分國家 都訂定了 [官方語言],請看:

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8

這是世界上主權國家所規定的的官方語言的完整列表。它包含所有在一個國家或一個國家的一個地區有官方地位的語言。這個列表包括所有官方語言，無論它是在全國範圍通用的還是僅僅是在一個小地區通行，也不論它是主要語言還是少數民族語言。 只有有明確領土及主權、在國際上被廣泛承認的獨立政治實體被作為國家列於此處。這不是一個國家 或 地區的列表， 儘管有很多國家和地區在列表中。

對於境外領, refer to the corresponding sovereign states.

定義

• 官方語言: one designated as having a unique legal status in the state, typically, the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, and often, official government business
• 地區語言: one designated as having official status limited to a specific area, administrative division, or territory of the state (on this page a regional language will have parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. were the language has regional status)
• 少數民族語言: (as used here) one spoken by a minority population within the state and officially designated as such; typically afforded protection and designated an officially permissible language for legal and government business in a specific area or territory of the state (on this page a minority language will be followed by parentheses that identify its minority status)
• 國家語言: one that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages (on this page a national language will be followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status)

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至於 世界各國的 語言政策,請看:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_policy

還有 世界各國的 語言政策(政治議題),請看:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_politics

至於 世界各國的 語言政治議題(具有爭議的),請看:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_where_language_is_a_political_issue

很容易理解,大多數先進國家,都有 國家語言政策

而且 大多數 都是 採用 多語言政策

至於 國家語言 則請看:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_language

Official versus national languages

The national languages of stateless nations are often not official languages in any country. Some have no government recognition, while others may enjoy a high degree of official recognition. Some examples of national languages that are not official languages include Aromanian, Cherokee, and Navajo (and other living Native American languages). Certain languages may enjoy government recognition or even status as official languages in some countries while not in others. India has a list of 23 official languages. Neither the constitution nor the laws of India accord the status of "National Language" to any language in India. Indian law states that no language will be made the National Language unless and until all the constituent states of the Union of India accept it. Out of the 28 states and 7 union territories, only 10 states and 3 union territories have Hindi as the principal official language.

China

See also: Standard Mandarin and History of Standard Mandarin.

In China, plenty of spoken variants have been existing in different parts of the country. In the ancient time, several local dialects were chosen as the official spoken language, such as dialects from Hangzhou, Nanjing, etc.

After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, the Chinese Nationalist party - Kuomintang founded the Republic of China. In order to promote a sense of national unity and enhance the efficiency of communications within the nation, the Government decided to designate a national language. The Beijing dialect of Mandarin and Guangzhou dialect of Cantonese were the most popular options, and the Beijing dialect was chosen to be the national language, given the name "國語" in Chinese (Pinyin: Guóyǔ, lit. national language, commonly known as "Standard Mandarin" in English). In the beginning there were attempts to introduce elements from other Chinese spoken variants into the national language, in addition to those existing in Beijing dialect. But this was deemed too difficult, and was abandoned in 1924. Since then the Beijing dialect became the major source of standard national pronunciations, due to its prestigious status in the preceding Qing Dynasty. Elements from other dialects continue to exist in the standard language.

After the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the Chinese communist party established the People's Republic of China in mainland China. The nationalist regime of the Republic of China retreated to the island of Taiwan and maintained the same policy. On the other hand, the People's Republic of China, which administers mainland China, continued the effort, and renamed the national language that is largely based on the Beijing dialect as "普通話" (Pinyin: pǔtōnghuà, lit. common speech) in Chinese. ...

Republic of Ireland

Irish, a Celtic language, is recognized as the primary constitutional language of Ireland; notwithstanding that English is the de facto language of the nation. It is spoken by about only 5% of its population as a first language; however, the majority of the country have a reasonable spoken comprehension of it.

Malta

In Malta, the Maltese language is the national language. This is recognised as official as well together with English. In Malta most of the people speak the Maltese language and it is recognised as "national" in Chapter 1 of the Laws of Malta.

Philippines

The Filipino language, which is based on Tagalog and other existing Filipino languages, is designated by the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines as the national language. The constitution designates both Filipino and English as official languages. More than 170 languages are spoken in the Philippines and almost all of them belong to the Borneo-Philippines languages group of the Austronesian language family.

Singapore

In Singapore, the Malay language is the national and official language, since it is the native language of Malay Singaporeans, who were the original inhabitants of the land but are now a minority due to mass ethnic Chinese immigration and who now make up only 12.4% of the total population of 4.24 million. Three other languages enjoy official language status, including English, which is the language of business and governance and the medium of instruction in public schools; Mandarin Chinese, which is spoken by the majority (75%) of the population, and Tamil(some 10%).

United States

On May 19, 2006, the United States Senate voted to make English the national language of the United States. According to the bill, written by Sen. James M. Inhofe (R-Okla.), the federal government will no longer provide multilingual communications and services, except for those already guaranteed by law. Shortly after the approval of the Inhofe amendment, the Senate voted for another bill by Sen. Ken Salazar (D-Colo.), according to which English is the "common unifying language of the United States," but mandated that nothing in that declaration "shall diminish or expand any existing rights" regarding multilingual services.

Previous incarnations of this bill were co-written and supported by Ron Unz, California millionaire. He, along with his organization (U.S. English), has been pushing for the "English-Only" cause for many years.

The impact of these bills is not immediately clear. It is also interesting to note that Inhofe switched the language from "official language" to "national language" in a last minute change.

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那麼,在我版面上叫囂者,還要硬ㄠ嗎?

至於 法律訂定 跟 充分溝通 已經進行了 五年了!

現在 還開放大家表達意見!

不然還要怎樣!!!

我實在不懂,不了解真相,也不承認錯誤,還要繼續硬ㄠ,怎麼有這麼無恥的人?!