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[李東昇的意見]台灣是否應該通過 好公民法?

 先看這則新聞,想想看:

麥當勞這位店長對嗎?

台灣是不是該訂定 好公民法 Good Samaritan law(好撒馬利亞人法)

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麥當勞用餐被扒 拷影帶要1900元

更新日期:2008/02/05 07:30 記者莊琇閔台北報導

台北市王姓婦人到麥當勞忠孝店用餐時手提包遭竊,她要求店方同意轉錄監視帶供她報案,店長卻要求支付一千九百元轉拷費用;王婦不滿向本報投訴,麥當勞總公司昨天獲悉立即向王婦道歉並退錢。 

她投訴時說,她到麥當勞消費,出事後店家不但不協助,還把監視畫面當成商品販賣,簡直是二次傷害。 

北市大安分局表示,監視錄影帶成本不高,警方基於辦案需要,常向金融機構、超商、里鄰辦公室等調閱、拷貝監視錄影帶,都不必花錢,本案顧客是在麥當勞失竊財物,向店方調閱錄影帶去報案,是在幫店方清除不法之徒,竟然還要收費,「很不應該」。 

王姓婦人說,上月十五日下午四點多,她帶五歲女兒到麥當勞忠孝店用餐,她將手提包放在身旁的座椅上,不久感覺手臂被撞了一下,還聽到一名女學生向同伴大喊「我好了喔!」接著兩名女學生飛奔下樓,此時她發現手提包不翼而飛,立即向櫃檯人員反映。 

童姓女店長同意讓她觀看店裡的監視畫面,清楚看到女學生提著手提包下樓的影像;王姓婦人詢問可否轉錄監視畫面讓她報案,童姓店長表示這類竊案店裡經常發生,轉錄畫面每小時費用是七百元,還要收五百元的工程人員交通費。 

由於童姓店長表示再晚影像就會消磁,王姓婦人說,被偷的手提包中有存摺、印鑑、信用卡及身分證等重要物品,她勉強同意花一千九百元買二個小時的監視畫面。 

記者接獲王婦投訴後,先向麥當勞忠孝店尤副理查證,他表示,轉錄影像必須由監視器公司派遣工程人員操作,依規定費用由消費者支付。 

不過,麥當勞總公司昨天獲悉後說,如因辦案需要,店方不應向消費者收費,尤副理及童姓店長沒有呈報王姓婦人失竊、調閱監視器轉錄畫面經過,公司將會對員工加強督導與顧客溝通及服務處理態度;對於王婦在店內遭竊感到遺憾,店方會吸收這筆轉錄費用。 

麥當勞忠孝店童姓店長昨天傍晚也親自向王婦致歉,並退還一千九百元,王婦也對麥當勞勇於認錯並承擔責任予以肯定。 

警方說,民眾如遇案件需調閱錄影帶,可先向警方報案,如有偵辦需要,警方會出具公文調閱,無須自掏腰包。

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引用來源: WIKI

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E6%92%92%E9%A6%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B3%95

好撒馬利亞人法(Good Samaritan law)在美國和加拿大,是給傷者、病人的自願救助者免除責任的法律,目的在於使人做好事時沒有後顧之憂,不用擔心因過失造成傷亡而遭到追究,從而鼓勵旁觀者對傷、病人士施以幫助。該法律的名稱來源於《聖經》中耶穌所做的好撒馬利亞人的著名比喻。

在其他國家和地區,例如義大利、日本、法國、西班牙,以及加拿大的魁北克),好撒馬利亞人法要求公民有義務幫助遭遇困難的人(如聯絡有關部門),除非這樣做會傷害到自身。德國有法例規定「無視提供協助的責任」是違法的,在必要情況下,公民有義務提供急救,如果善意救助造成損害,則提供救助者可以免責。在德國,必須有緊急救助知識,才能獲取駕駛執照。

英國黛安娜王妃發生死亡車禍後,當時跟蹤她的記者被調查是否違反了好撒馬利亞人法。

總則
除非「照應提供」關係(譬如父母孩子或醫生患者關係)在病症或傷害事前存在,或「好撒馬利亞人」對病症或傷害負有責任,否則任何一個人不被要求提供受害者任何援助。


任何急救的提供,不能用以交換任何獎勵或財政報償,作為結果。醫療專家當執行急救是由於與他們的就業相聯時,是不受好撒馬利亞人法保護的法律典型。
如果援助開始,反應的人不能離開現場,直到:
召喚需要的醫療協助是必須的。
某人相等或更高的訓練到達接管。
繼續提供援助是不安全的(例如在未有足夠的裝備下接觸潛在的疾病)。反應的人未遠不應使自己處於危險中幫助其它人。
只要反應的人,在同樣訓練的水準、在同樣情況下作合理的反應,法律上不需受害者的傷殘、死亡或毀形負責。

同意
作出回應的人,不應該在未經受害者同意的情況下,強行幫助而使人受傷害。


默許同意
當病人陷入昏迷狀態、受錯覺影響或中毒──或有合理理由相信是這樣──的情況下,則可視為病人已默許回應者的幫助。在法律擬制下,人遇上危難時會願意接受其他人援助("peril invites rescue"),故法庭宣判時常會較寬容,

若病人不被視為成年人(無論病人聲稱如何),當未能聯絡上病人的父母或法定監護人,也可視為病人已默許。


父母同意
若受害人不是成年人(請注意:有多個定義),必須先得到病人的父母或法定監護人的同意。但是,若其父母或法定監護人不在場、陷入昏迷狀態、受錯覺影響或中毒時(如前述情況),也可視為默許同意。但若有虐待兒童的嫌疑,特別的情況也可出現。


只保護急救員
在一些管轄區域,好撒馬利亞人法只會保護從美國心臟協會、美國紅十字會、美國安全及健康所(American Safety and Health Institute)或其他健康組織接受基本急救訓練和取得證明的人。在其他管轄區域,只要回應者的行動合理,都受到此法保障。

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Samaritan_law 

Good Samaritan laws (acts) in the United States and Canada are laws/acts protecting from blame those who choose to aid others who are injured or ill. They are intended to reduce bystanders' hesitation to assist, for fear of being sued or prosecuted for unintentional injury or wrongful death. The name Good Samaritan refers to a parable told by Jesus in the New Testament (Luke 10:29-37).

Under the common law, Good Samaritan laws provide a defence against torts over the activity of attempted rescue. Such laws do not constitute a duty to rescue, such as exists in the civil law, and in the common law under certain circumstances. However, the duty to rescue where it exists may itself imply a shield from liability; for example, under the German law of "Unterlassene Hilfeleistung" (neglect of duty to provide assistance), a citizen is obliged to provide first aid when necessary and is immune from prosecution if assistance given in good faith turns out to be harmful.

General guidelines
Unless a caretaker relationship (such as a parent-child or doctor-patient relationship) exists prior to the illness or injury, or the "Good Samaritan" is responsible for the existence of the illness or injury, no person is required to give aid of any sort to a victim.


Any first aid provided must not be in exchange for any reward or financial compensation. As a result; medical professionals are typically not protected by Good Samaritan laws when performing first aid in connection with their employment.
If aid begins, the responder must not leave the scene until:
it is necessary to call for needed medical assistance.
somebody of equal or higher ability can take over.
continuing to give aid is unsafe (this can be as simple as a lack of adequate protection against potential diseases, such as vinyl, latex, or nitrile gloves to protect against blood-borne pathogens) — a responder can never be forced to put himself or herself in danger to aid another person.
The responder is not legally liable for the death, disfigurement or disability of the victim as long as the responder acted rationally, in good faith, and in accordance with his level of training.

Consent
The responder must not commit assault by giving aid to a patient without consent of the patient (or of the patient's legal parent or guardian if the patient is under 18 years old).


Implied consent
Consent may be implied if the patient is unconscious, delusional, intoxicated, deemed mentally unfit to make decisions regarding their safety, or if the responder had a reasonable belief that this was as such; courts tend to be very forgiving in adjudicating this, under the legal fiction that "peril invites rescue" (as in the rescue doctrine).

Consent may also be implied if the legal parent or guardian is not immediately reachable and the patient is not considered an adult.


Parental consent
If the victim is not an adult (warning: definitions vary), consent must come from the legal parent or guardian. However, if the legal parent or guardian is absent, unconscious, delusional or intoxicated, consent is implied (with the same caveat as above). Special circumstances may exist if child abuse is suspected.


Laws for first aiders only
In most jurisdictions, Good Samaritan laws only protect those that have had basic first aid training and are certified by the American Heart Association, American Red Cross, St. John Ambulance, American Safety and Health Institute or other health organization. In other jurisdictions, any rescuer is protected from liability, granted the responder acted rationally.


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